Basic Question Re: Parent-Child Classes and Relations

If one class extends another, each class still must have the Relations function declaring the relationship between class objects, correct? The parent::child relationship between class definitions is separate from the relations between class objects.

Is there any twist when declaring relations and using relational queries between parent::child classes versus the same between stranger classes (or uncle::newphew classes :lol: )?

Thank you for indulging another basic question.